公司產品僅用于科研專業供應的抗體，是用于化學反應、分析化驗、研究實驗、教學實驗、化學配方使用的純凈化學品，價格實惠，多種規格供應，售后完善。
英文名稱: APEX1

中文名稱: 多功能DNA修復酶抗體

規格：50ul、100ul、200ul
別    名:APEX1_HUMAN; DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease; EC:3.1.11.2; APE; APE1; APEX; APX; HAP1; REF1; APEX nuclease (APEN); Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (AP endonuclease 1; APE-1); REF-1; Redox factor-1; DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease, mitochondrial;

研究領域:心血管  染色質和核信號  轉錄調節因子  表觀遺傳學

抗體來源:Rabbit

克隆類型:Polyclonal

交叉反應: (predicted: Human, Mouse, Rat, Chicken, Dog, Pig, Cow, )

產品應用:WB=1:500-2000 ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 （石蠟切片需做抗原修復）

not yet tested in other applications.

optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

理論分子量:36kDa

細胞定位:細胞核 細胞漿

性    狀:Liquid

濃    度:1mg/ml

免 疫 原:KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human APEX1: 201-318/318

亞    型:IgG

純化方法:affinity purified by Protein A

緩 沖 液:0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.

注意事項:This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.

產品介紹: The APEX gene encodes the major AP endonuclease in human cells. It encodes the APEX endonuclease, a DNA repair enzyme with apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) activity. Such AP activity sites occur frequently in DNA molecules by spontaneous hydrolysis, by DNA damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases that remove specific abnormal bases. The AP sites are the most frequent pre-mutagenic lesions that can prevent normal DNA replication. Splice variants have been found for this gene; all encode the same protein. Disruptions in the biological functions related to APEX are associated with many various malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019]

Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'-phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA.
抗體基本結構：

抗體制備過程：

1.材料與試劑

 a．提取的動物 Ig

 b．弗氏佐劑和弗氏不佐劑

 d．實驗動物 兔

 e．其它材料及試劑

2、選擇實驗活體。

3、進行動物免疫實驗。

4、試取血樣進行測試，查看免疫效果。

5、如果免疫成功，殺死實驗活體，采集全部血清。

6、純化出抗體。

7、鑒定抗體。胎牛血清（無菌采制）

免疫熒光技術的實驗步驟：

一、準備好試劑與儀器：

磷酸鹽緩沖鹽水、熒光標記的抗體溶液、緩沖甘油、搪瓷桶三只、有蓋搪瓷盒一只、熒光顯微鏡、玻片架、濾紙、37℃溫箱等。

二、實驗步驟

1.滴加0.01mol/L，pH7.4的PBS于待檢標本片上，十分鐘后棄去，使標本保持一定濕度。

2.滴加適當稀釋的熒光標記的抗體溶液，使其覆蓋標本，置于有蓋搪瓷盒內，保溫一定時間以三十分鐘為參考。

3.取出玻片，置玻片架上，先用0.01mol/L，pH7.4的PBS沖洗后，再按順序過0.01mol/L，pH7.4的PBS三缸浸泡，每缸三到五分鐘，并不停地搖晃振蕩。

4.取出玻片，用濾紙吸去多余水分，但不使標本干燥，加一滴緩沖甘油，以蓋玻片覆蓋。

5.立即用熒光顯微鏡觀察。觀察標本的特異性熒光強度。

抗體的定義：

抗體（antibody），（免疫球蛋白不僅僅只是抗體）是一種由漿細胞（效應B細胞）分泌，被免疫系統用來鑒別與中和外來物質如細菌、病毒等的大型Y形蛋白質，僅被發現存在于脊椎動物的血液等體液中，及其B細胞的細胞膜表面。抗體能識別特定外來物的一個特征，該外來目標被稱為抗原。

動物抗體功能分類：

①豬抗體：豬瘟抗體，豬藍耳抗體，豬圓環病毒抗體，豬偽狂犬抗體，豬細小病毒抗體，豬口蹄疫抗體，豬流感抗體等。

②禽抗體:小鵝瘟抗體，鴨肝抗體抗體，鴨漿膜炎抗體，抗體，新城疫抗體等

③牛抗體：牛口蹄疫抗體，奶牛乳房炎抗體，牛流行熱抗體，牛病毒性腹瀉抗體，牛出血性敗血癥抗體等

④羊抗體：羊痘抗體，羊口蹄疫抗體，羊小反芻獸疫抗體，羊快疫抗體，羊腸毒血癥抗體，羊猝疽抗體，羊黑疫抗體等。

⑤犬抗體：犬狂犬病抗體、犬瘟熱抗體、犬副流感抗體、犬腺病毒抗體與犬細小病毒病抗體，狐貉水貂的偽狂犬抗體、細小病毒抗體、乙腦抗體等。

抗體的結構：

抗體是具有4條多肽鏈的對稱結構，其中2條較長、相對分子量較大的相同的重鏈(H鏈)；2條較短、相對分子量較小的相同的輕鏈(L鏈)。鏈間由二硫鍵和非共價鍵聯結形成一個由4條多肽鏈構成的單體分子。輕鏈有κ和λ兩種，重鏈有μ、δ、γ、ε和α五種。 整個抗體分子可分為恒定區和可變區兩部分。在給定的物種中，不同抗體分子的恒定區都具有相同的或幾乎相同的氨基酸序列。可變區位于"Y"的兩臂末端。在可變區內有一小部分氨基酸殘基變化特別強烈，這些氨基酸的殘基組成和排列順序更易發生變異區域稱高變區。高變區位于分子表面，最多由17個氨基酸殘基構成，少則只有2 ～ 3個。高變區氨基酸序列決定了該抗體結合抗原抗原的特異性。一個抗體分子上的兩個抗原結合部位是相同的，位于兩臂末端稱抗原結合片段(antigen-binding fragment, Fab)。"Y"的柄部稱結晶片段(crystalline fragment,FC)，糖結合在FC 上。

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